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Node Sale as a Service | Simplifying Fundraising for Businesses As blockchain technology quickly changes, many businesses find it difficult to set up and manage the necessary infrastructure. They need secure, scalable, and affordable solutions to make the most of blockchain's benefits like transparency, efficiency, and decentralization. However, more than 40% of companies trying to adopt blockchain say that the costs and technical difficulties of setting up and maintaining the infrastructure create big challenges. This often slows down their efforts to develop blockchain projects. To address these issues, many companies are turning toblockchain development services for support.Node Sale as a Service addresses this challenge by giving businesses easy access to blockchain nodes without the steep learning curve. These services allow companies to bypass the complex process of hardware setup, maintenance, and scaling, providing ready-to-use blockchain infrastructure.This blog aims to inform businesses about Node Sale Services and demonstrate their potential benefits. By the end, you'll understand how these services can help you streamline your blockchain initiatives and drive operational efficiency and growth.Read Also |Understanding Crypto Nodes: The Backbone of BlockchainWhat Are Node Sale Services?Node Sale Services are managed services that let businesses access blockchain nodes on a purchase or subscription basis. Rather than requiring companies to set up nodes on their own—which involves complex technical processes and significant infrastructure costs—these services offer ready-to-use blockchain nodes that support various networks.FunctionalityNode Sale Services allow businesses to acquire different types of blockchain nodes (e.g., full nodes, validator nodes) without needing extensive technical expertise. Typically, the service provider handles setup, configuration, monitoring, and maintenance, allowing businesses to connect to blockchain networks quickly and easily. This functionality is especially valuable for companies looking to leverage blockchain without diverting resources to in-house node management.Check it Out |Layer 2 Solutions for Crypto Exchange DevelopmentTypes of Nodes AvailableNode Sale Services usually offer several types of nodes:Full Nodes: Store a complete copy of the blockchain ledger, ensuring security and reliability.Validator Nodes: Participate in consensus by validating transactions, which is critical for networks using Proof of Stake (PoS).Light Nodes:Designed for lightweight interactions, downloading only a portion of the blockchain data.Each type offers unique advantages depending on the specific goals and needs of a business.Also, Read |Unveiling the Potential Layer 3 Blockchain DevelopmentWhy Businesses Should Consider Node Sale ServicesAccess to Blockchain InfrastructureNode Sale Services simplify access to blockchain infrastructure by providing ready-to-deploy nodes. With these services, businesses can connect to blockchain networks quickly and efficiently without needing extensive technical expertise or lengthy setup processes.Cost and Time EfficiencyBy outsourcing infrastructure through Node Sale Services, businesses save on the substantial costs associated with in-house node setup, technical skill requirements, and maintenance. This allows companies to focus on core operations and reallocate resources toward growth and development.Enhanced ScalabilityNode Sale Services offer the flexibility to scale blockchain operations up or down as demand changes. When blockchain usage increases, companies can easily add nodes or upgrade services without overhauling infrastructure, allowing them to adapt seamlessly to market needs.Expert Support and MaintenanceNode Sale Services include expert support, offering assistance with setup, troubleshooting, and ongoing maintenance. This expert support reduces the need for an in-house technical team and provides peace of mind to businesses, knowing they have access to knowledgeable professionals.Opportunity for Revenue GenerationOperating nodes can also create an additional revenue stream for businesses. Companies can use their nodes to earn income through transaction fees, staking rewards, or by offering blockchain services to other businesses. This revenue potential allows businesses to offset initial costs and potentially achieve profit over time.You may also like |Comprehending ZK Rollups | Layer 2 Scaling SolutionsReal-World Use Cases of Node Sale ServicesFintech CompanyA fintech company can leverage Node Sale Services to enhance its blockchain capabilities and expand into decentralized finance (DeFi) offerings. By accessing blockchain nodes quickly and affordably, the company introduced new DeFi products faster, allowing it to stay competitive in a rapidly evolving market.Supply Chain ManagementA supply chain company uses Node Sale Services to improve transparency and efficiency by tracking goods at every stage of the process. By deploying nodes, the company reduced fraud and improved traceability, enhancing both customer trust and operational effectiveness.Healthcare SectorA healthcare organization can utilize Node Sale Services to create a secure, decentralized patient record system. By deploying nodes across various hospitals, the organization ensured that patient data remained tamper-proof and accessible only to authorized personnel. This improved data sharing among healthcare providers while maintaining patient privacy, ultimately enhancing the quality of care.Gaming IndustryA gaming company can adopt Node Sale Services to support its blockchain-based gaming platform. By quickly deploying nodes, the company can enable real-time transactions for in-game assets and rewards. It can allow players to trade and own their digital items securely. This increased player engagement and created a thriving marketplace for virtual goods.Explore |Blockchain Oracles | Making Smart Contracts Talk to the WorldConclusionNode Sale Services provides a practical solution for businesses looking to adopt blockchain without the complexity and expense of in-house node management. These services offer easy access to blockchain infrastructure, cost and time efficiency, scalability, expert support, and revenue opportunities.If you're ready to elevate your blockchain strategy, consider Node Sale Services as a path forward. Contact our experiencedblockchain developers to learn more or schedule a consultation to discuss how these services can support your business goals and drive growth.

Technology: HYPERLEDGER FABRIC CA , HARDHAT more Category: Blockchain

Saumya Srivastava

30 Oct 2024

Creating a Token Vesting Contract on Solana Blockchain In the world of crypto/token development and blockchain, token vesting is a vital mechanism used to allocate tokens to individuals over a specified period rather than all at once. This approach helps to align the interests of contributors, advisors, and investors with the long-term success of a project. In this blog, we'll explore the concept of token vesting, and how it works, and dive into a practical implementation using the Simple Token Vesting contract written in Rust with the Anchor framework.What is Token Vesting?Token vesting involves gradually releasing tokens to individuals (beneficiaries) based on predefined schedules and conditions. This helps prevent immediate sell-offs and incentivises participants to stay committed to the project. The key benefits of token vesting include:Promoting Long-Term Commitment: Beneficiaries are motivated to remain involved with the project.Preventing Market Manipulation: Reduces the risk of large sell-offs that could affect the token's price.Aligning Interests: Ensures that all parties work toward the project's success over time.Also, Explore | How to Build a Crypto Portfolio TrackerThe Structure of the Simple Token Vesting ContractThe Simple Token Vesting contract provides a framework for managing token vesting on the Solana blockchain. Let's break down its main components:Initialization: The Admin sets up the contract with a list of beneficiaries and allocates tokens for them.Releasing Tokens: The Admin can release a percentage of tokens to beneficiaries periodically.Claiming Tokens: Beneficiaries can claim their vested tokens based on the amount released.#[program] pub mod token_vesting { use super::*; pub fn initialize(ctx: Context<Initialize>, beneficiaries: Vec<Beneficiary>, amount: u64, decimals: u8) -> Result<()> { // Initialization logic here... } pub fn release(ctx: Context<Release>, percent: u8) -> Result<()> { // Release logic here... } pub fn claim(ctx: Context<Claim>, data_bump: u8) -> Result<()> { // Claim logic here... } } Also, Read | How to Deploy a TRC-20 Token on the TRON BlockchainHow the Contract Works1. Initialisation FunctionDuring initialization, the Admin calls the initialise function to set up the vesting contract. This function takes a list of beneficiaries, the total amount of tokens to vest, and the token's decimals. Here's how it looks in the code:pub fn initialize(ctx: Context<Initialize>, beneficiaries: Vec<Beneficiary>, amount: u64, decimals: u8) -> Result<()> { let data_account = &mut ctx.accounts.data_account; data_account.beneficiaries = beneficiaries; data_account.token_amount = amount; data_account.decimals = decimals; // Transfer tokens from Admin to escrow wallet let transfer_instruction = Transfer { from: ctx.accounts.wallet_to_withdraw_from.to_account_info(), to: ctx.accounts.escrow_wallet.to_account_info(), authority: ctx.accounts.sender.to_account_info(), }; let cpi_ctx = CpiContext::new( ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(), transfer_instruction, ); token::transfer(cpi_ctx, amount * u64::pow(10, decimals as u32))?; Ok(()) } Explanation:Parameters: The function takes a list of beneficiaries, the total token amount to be vested, and the decimals.Data Account: Initialises a data account to keep track of the beneficiaries and their allocations.Token Transfer: Transfers the specified amount of tokens from the Admin's wallet to the escrow wallet for distribution.You may also like | How to Create an ERC 721C Contract2. Release FunctionThe release function allows the Admin to specify what percentage of the total tokens is available for beneficiaries to claim. Here's the code:pub fn release(ctx: Context<Release>, percent: u8) -> Result<()> { let data_account = &mut ctx.accounts.data_account; data_account.percent_available = percent; // Set the available percentage Ok(()) }Explanation:Setting Percent Available: The Admin can call this function to set a percentage that beneficiaries can claim. For example, if percent is set to 20, beneficiaries can claim 20% of their allocated tokens.3. Claim FunctionBeneficiaries use the claim function to withdraw their available tokens. Here's how it works:pub fn claim(ctx: Context<Claim>, data_bump: u8) -> Result<()> { let data_account = &mut ctx.accounts.data_account; let beneficiaries = &data_account.beneficiaries; let (index, beneficiary) = beneficiaries.iter().enumerate().find(|(_, beneficiary)| beneficiary.key == *sender.to_account_info().key) .ok_or(VestingError::BeneficiaryNotFound)?; let amount_to_transfer = ((data_account.percent_available as f32 / 100.0) * beneficiary.allocated_tokens as f32) as u64; // Transfer tokens to beneficiary's wallet let transfer_instruction = Transfer { from: ctx.accounts.escrow_wallet.to_account_info(), to: beneficiary_ata.to_account_info(), authority: data_account.to_account_info(), }; let cpi_ctx = CpiContext::new_with_signer( token_program.to_account_info(), transfer_instruction, signer_seeds ); token::transfer(cpi_ctx, amount_to_transfer * u64::pow(10, data_account.decimals as u32))?; data_account.beneficiaries[index].claimed_tokens += amount_to_transfer; Ok(()) }Explanation:Finding Beneficiary: The function identifies the calling beneficiary from the list.Calculating Transfer Amount: It calculates how much the beneficiary can claim based on the percentage available.Token Transfer: Transfers the calculated amount from the escrow wallet to the beneficiary's associated token account.Also, Check | How to Create and Deploy an ERC404 token contractConclusionToken vesting is a powerful tool in the cryptocurrency ecosystem that promotes long-term commitment among participants. The Simple Token Vesting contract provides a straightforward implementation for managing vesting schedules on the Solana blockchain, allowing for flexible token distribution over time.With the ability to define beneficiaries, release tokens, and claim rewards, this contract exemplifies how token vesting can align the interests of a project's contributors with its long-term success. Whether you are a developer looking to implement a vesting mechanism or a project owner aiming to incentivize your team, understanding and utilizing token vesting is crucial in today's crypto landscape. Looking for assistance with a similar project, connect with our crypto/token developers to get started.

Technology: PYTHON , Web3.js more Category: Blockchain

Ashutosh Modanwal

29 Oct 2024

Comprehensive Guide to Implementing SaaS Tokenization Data breaches and cyber threats are becoming increasingly common in today's digital landscape. Safeguarding sensitive information is essential for businesses, especially for Software as a Service (SaaS) platforms. These platforms handle vast amounts of user data and are frequent targets for cybercriminals. The U.S. leads the global SaaS market, hostingaround 17,000 SaaS companies, with major players like Apple, Adobe, Microsoft, and Google. In response, SaaS tokenization has become a vital strategy for enhancing data security in SaaS applications. This technology transforms sensitive data into non-sensitive equivalents, known as tokens. By doing so, it protects critical information from unauthorized access and reduces the risk of data breaches.This blog explores how tokenization, a vital strategy for enhancing data security, can transform SaaS offerings through effectivecrypto token development.Explore |Everything About Crypto Intent Prediction MarketplacesWhat is SaaS TokenizationSaaS tokenization refers to converting access rights or ownership of a SaaS application into digital tokens on a blockchain. These tokens serve as unique identifiers representing user permissions. By leveraging blockchain technology, SaaS tokenization enhances security, transparency, and liquidity, enabling users to trade or manage their access rights effortlessly.SaaS Tokenization vs. Data Encryption: Key DifferencesTokenization and encryption aim to protect sensitive data, but they operate differently:Tokenization replaces sensitive data with unique tokens. The original data remains securely stored in a separate location, which minimizes exposure and risk.Encryption, on the other hand, transforms data into a secure format that can only be decrypted with a key. While encryption protects data during transmission, it does not eliminate the risk of exposure if the encrypted data is accessed.Check this blog |Tokenization of RWA (Real-World Assets): A Comprehensive GuideWhy SaaS Platforms Need TokenizationAs more businesses adopt cloud services, the need to protect sensitive data intensifies. Here are a few reasons why SaaS platforms require tokenization:Data SecurityTokenization effectively mitigates the risk of data breaches. By replacing sensitive information with tokens that have no meaning outside their intended context, businesses significantly reduce potential exposure to threats.ComplianceMany industries adhere to strict regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA. Tokenization assists SaaS providers in meeting these compliance requirements by ensuring that sensitive data remains adequately protected.User ControlTokenization empowers users by granting them verifiable proof of ownership over their access rights. This transparency fosters trust and encourages user loyalty.The Working Mechanism of SaaS TokenizationHere's how SaaS tokenization typically functions:Token Creation: The first step involves generating digital tokens that represent user access rights on a blockchain. Tokenization services manage this process, utilizing smart contracts to maintain security.User Acquisition: SaaS providers can sell or trade these tokens, which grant users access to the software. Various business models can be employed, including subscriptions or one-time purchases.Access Control: Smart contracts enable SaaS providers to manage user permissions based on token ownership. For instance, holding a specific number of tokens may grant a user access to premium features.Trading and Liquidity: Users can trade their tokens on secondary markets, ensuring liquidity and allowing them to capitalize on their access rights. This feature adds value to the tokens and encourages ongoing user engagement.Also, Check |Liquid Democracy | Transforming Governance with BlockchainTop Benefits of Tokenization for SaaS BusinessesImplementing tokenization offers several advantages for SaaS businesses:Enhanced Data SecurityBy substituting sensitive data with tokens, businesses significantly lower the risk of data breaches.Improved ComplianceTokenization aids in adhering to data protection regulations, which minimizes legal risks and enhances a company's reputation.Reduced Risk of BreachesTokenized data is less appealing to hackers, who find it harder to exploit without the original data.Fractional OwnershipTokenization allows multiple users to share access to a SaaS application, making premium features more accessible and cost-effective.Innovative Payment ModelsWith tokenization, SaaS providers can offer flexible payment structures, such as usage-based pricing, leading to higher customer satisfaction and retention.You may also like |Understanding the Impact of AI Crypto Trading BotsIntegrating Tokenization with SaaS Payment GatewaysTo bolster security during payment processing, SaaS providers should connect tokenization systems with payment processors:API Integration: Use APIs to facilitate secure transactions while managing tokenized payment methods, ensuring a seamless user experience.Security Protocols: Implement strong security measures to protect user data during payment processing, further reducing the risk of breaches.Read Also |Chain Abstraction Explained | Key Benefits You Need to KnowThe Future of SaaS Tokenization: Trends and InnovationsAs blockchain technology evolves, the future of SaaS tokenization appears promising. Key innovations include the use of smart contracts for automated agreements, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) for unique digital assets, and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) to enhance privacy. These advancements can prove to be transforming SaaS, making it more efficient, secure, and tailored to individual user needs. Here are some trends to keep an eye on:Increased Adoption of TokenizationMore SaaS platforms are adopting tokenization to enhance security, streamline transactions, and enable new business models.Integration with DeFiCloser ties with decentralized finance platforms will allow users to leverage their tokens for lending, borrowing, or staking, unlocking additional value.InteroperabilityEstablishing standards for seamless token movement across platforms will enhance user experience and access to services.User Experience FocusAs technology matures, there will be a greater emphasis on creating intuitive interfaces and strong support to facilitate wider adoption.Regulatory ComplianceAs tokenization becomes more widespread, there is a growing focus on ensuring compliance with regulatory standards to protect user data and maintain trust.More to Explore |Addressing the Quantum Threat: A Guide to Crypto ProtectionConclusionSaaS tokenization represents a revolutionary approach to accessing and utilizing software services. By embracing blockchain technology, tokenization enhances data security, facilitates regulation compliance, and fosters innovative payment models. While challenges may arise in implementation, the potential benefits for SaaS businesses are substantial. As companies adapt to this shift, tokenization could drive user engagement and loyalty, unlocking new revenue streams and establishing a more secure, customer-centric approach to software consumption. For SaaS providers looking to stay competitive, embracing tokenization is not just a smart move, it's becoming a necessity.If you're ready to implement tokenization in your SaaS platform, connect with Oodles Blockchain Company. Our expertblockchain developers are here to guide you every step of the way!FAQs About SaaS TokenizationQ: What is Payment Tokenization?A: Payment tokenization is the process of replacing sensitive payment information with tokens that can be used for transactions without exposing the original data.Q: Who uses tokenization?A: Various industries, including finance, healthcare, and SaaS businesses, utilize tokenization to enhance security and compliance.Q: What are the common security vulnerabilities in SaaS, and how does tokenization solve them?A: Common vulnerabilities include data breaches and unauthorized access. Tokenization mitigates these risks by replacing sensitive data with non-sensitive tokens.Q: Is Payment Tokenization more secure than Encryption?A: While both methods enhance security, tokenization can provide a greater layer of protection by reducing the exposure of sensitive data compared to encryption.

Technology: EXPRESS.JS , THE GRAPH more Category: Blockchain

Saumya Srivastava

29 Oct 2024

How to Implement a Merkle Tree for Secure Data Verification What is a Merkle Tree?A Merkle Tree is a binary tree structure where each node contains a hash. Leaf nodes hold hashes of individual data blocks, while non-leaf nodes contain hashes formed by combining the hashes of their children. The Merkle root is at the top of the tree, a single hash representing the entire dataset's integrity. For more related to blockchain and smart contracts, visit our smart contract development services.To illustrate, a simple Merkle Tree with four transactions (A, B, C, D) might look like this: Root / \ HashAB HashCD / \ / \ HashA HashB HashC HashD Each leaf node (HashA, HashB, etc.) is derived from hashing individual transactions.Each non-leaf node is derived by hashing the concatenated values of its child nodes.The Merkle root is the final hash, summarizing the entire tree.Merkle Trees are widely used in blockchain, where they help prove data integrity without requiring all data to be present.You may also like | How to Write and Deploy Modular Smart ContractsWhy Use a Merkle Tree in Blockchain?Merkle Trees play a fundamental role in blockchain networks. They offer several advantages:Efficient Verification: Verifying data integrity can be done by checking only a subset of hashes rather than the whole dataset.Data Privacy: With a Merkle Tree, individual blocks or transactions can be verified without revealing their content.Efficient Storage: Only the Merkle root needs to be stored on-chain, reducing storage requirements.Also, Read | ERC 4337 : Account Abstraction for Ethereum Smart Contract WalletsImplementing a Merkle Tree in SolidityLet's dive into a Solidity implementation. In this example, we'll create a simple Merkle Tree contract where users can verify whether a specific data entry is part of a dataset represented by a Merkle root.Step 1: Setting Up the ContractWe'll start by defining a contract and importing OpenZeppelin's MerkleProof library, which provides helper functions for verifying proofs.// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol"; contract MerkleTreeExample { bytes32 public merkleRoot; constructor(bytes32 _root) { merkleRoot = _root; } function verify(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) public view returns (bool) { return MerkleProof.verify(proof, merkleRoot, leaf); } }Merkle Root: The contract stores a merkleRoot, which represents the root hash of the Merkle Tree.Constructor: When deploying the contract, we pass a merkleRoot representing the tree's top-level hash.Verify Function: The verify function takes a proof (array of sibling hashes) and a leaf node. It then uses OpenZeppelin MerkleProof.verify to check if the leaf is part of the Merkle Tree represented by merkleRoot.Also, Explore | How to Create Play-to-Earn Gaming Smart ContractsStep 2: Generating ProofsA Merkle proof is required to verify that a data block is in the tree. A Merkle proof is an array of hashes that helps trace a path from a leaf to the root. Off-chain tools or scripts are typically used to generate Merkle proofs. Here's an example in JavaScript for generating a proof:const { MerkleTree } = require('merkletreejs'); const keccak256 = require('keccak256'); // Sample data const leaves = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'].map(x => keccak256(x)); const tree = new MerkleTree(leaves, keccak256, { sortPairs: true }); const root = tree.getRoot().toString('hex'); // Get proof for leaf 'A' const leaf = keccak256('A'); const proof = tree.getProof(leaf).map(x => x.data.toString('hex')); console.log("Merkle Root:", root); console.log("Proof for 'A':", proof); Also, Read | How to Create a Smart Contract for Lottery SystemStep 3: Verifying Proofs On-ChainOnce a Merkle proof is generated, it can be passed to our Solidity contract to verify membership. The verify function will only return true if the proof successfully traces the leaf to the Merkle root.Here's how it works:Input: Pass the proof (array of sibling hashes) and leaf (hash of data block) to the verify function.Result: The function returns true if the leaf can be traced to the merkleRoot using the proof, confirming that the data is part of the tree.Example ScenarioImagine you want to verify whether a transaction 0xabc123... is part of a dataset. Here's how it would look on-chain:Generate a proof for 0xabc123... off-chain.Call verify(proof, leaf) on the contract with the proof and leaf.The function returns true if the transaction is part of the dataset.Practical Use CasesMerkle Trees are powerful tools in various blockchain applications:Token Airdrops: Use a Merkle Tree to verify wallet eligibility for an airdrop without storing the entire list on-chain.Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Efficiently verify membership in a set while preserving privacy.File Storage Verification: Services like IPFS can use Merkle Trees to prove that file chunks haven't been tampered with.Voting Systems: Merkle Trees can validate votes securely without disclosing vote details, ensuring privacy.Also, Check | How to Create a Smart Contract for Lottery SystemConclusionIn conclusion, Merkle Trees are indispensable in blockchain technology, providing efficient and secure ways to verify data integrity without storing or revealing entire datasets. By hashing and organizing data into a tree structure, they allow users to verify specific data entries with minimal storage requirements and strong cryptographic security. This makes them ideal for diverse applications, such as token airdrops, file storage verification, and privacy-preserving voting systems. Implementing Merkle Trees in Solidity enables seamless on-chain data verification, enhancing trust and security within decentralized ecosystems. If you have a blockchain-powered vision that you want to bring into reality, connect with our skilled solidity developers to get started.

Technology: REMIX IDE , UNISWAP more Category: Blockchain

Deepak Thakur

29 Oct 2024

How to Write and Deploy Modular Smart Contracts Modular contracts enable highly configurable and upgradeable smart contract development, combining ease of use with security. They consist of two main components:Core Contracts: These form the foundation of the modular system, managing key functions, data storage, and logic. Core contracts include access control mechanisms and define interfaces for module interactions.Module Contracts: These add or remove functionalities to/from core contracts dynamically, allowing for flexibility. Modules can be reused across multiple core contracts, enabling upgrades without redeploying the core contract.How They Work: Modules provide additional functionality via callback and fallback functions that interact with core contracts. Fallback functions operate independently, while callback functions augment core contract logic, enhancing dApp functionality.You may also like | How to Create Play-to-Earn Gaming Smart ContractsSetup | Writing and Deploying Modular Smart ContractsInstall Forge from Foundry and add the modular contract framework:forge init forge install https://github.com/thirdweb-dev/modular-contracts.git forge remappings > remappings.txt ContractThe ERC20Core contract is a type of ERC20 token that combines features from both the ModularCore and the standard ERC20 contract. It names the token "Test Token" and uses "TEST" as its symbol, with the deployer being the owner of the contract. A significant feature is the required beforeMint callback, which allows certain actions to be taken before new tokens are created. The mint function lets users create tokens while ensuring the callback is executed first. The BeforeMintCallback interface makes it easier to add custom logic from other contracts. Overall, ERC20Core offers a flexible way to develop custom tokens while maintaining essential ERC20 functions.// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED pragma solidity ^0.8.13; import {ModularCore} from "lib/modular-contracts/src/ModularCore.sol"; import {ERC20} from "lib/solady/src/tokens/ERC20.sol"; contract ERC20Core is ModularCore, ERC20 { constructor() { _setOwner(msg.sender); } function name() public view override returns (string memory) { return "Test Token"; } function symbol() public view override returns (string memory) { return "TEST"; } function getSupportedCallbackFunctions() public pure virtual override returns (SupportedCallbackFunction[] memory supportedCallbacks) { supportedCallbacks = new SupportedCallbackFunction[](1); supportedCallbacks[0] = SupportedCallbackFunction(BeforeMintCallback.beforeMint.selector, CallbackMode.REQUIRED); } function mint(address to, uint256 amount) external payable { _executeCallbackFunction( BeforeMintCallback.beforeMint.selector, abi.encodeCall(BeforeMintCallback.beforeMint, (to, amount)) ); _mint(to, amount); } } interface BeforeMintCallback { function beforeMint(address to, uint256 amount) external payable; } Also, Read | ERC 4337 : Account Abstraction for Ethereum Smart Contract WalletsThe PricedMint contract is a modular extension designed for token minting, leveraging Ownable for ownership management and ModularExtension for added functionality. It uses the PricedMintStorage module to maintain a structured storage system for the token price. The owner can set the minting price through the setPricePerUnit method. Before minting, the beforeMint function verifies that the provided ether matches the expected price based on the token quantity. If correct, the ether is transferred to the contract owner. The getExtensionConfig function defines the contract's callback and fallback functions, facilitating integration with other modular components.// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED pragma solidity ^0.8.13; import {ModularExtension} from "lib/modular-contracts/src/ModularExtension.sol"; import {Ownable} from "lib/solady/src/auth/Ownable.sol"; library PricedMintStorage { bytes32 public constant PRICED_MINT_STORAGE_POSITION = keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("priced.mint")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff)); struct Data { uint256 pricePerUnit; } function data() internal pure returns (Data storage data_) { bytes32 position = PRICED_MINT_STORAGE_POSITION; assembly { data_.slot := position } } } contract PricedMint is Ownable, ModularExtension { function setPricePerUnit(uint256 price) external onlyOwner { PricedMintStorage.data().pricePerUnit = price; } function beforeMint(address to, uint256 amount) external payable { uint256 pricePerUnit = PricedMintStorage.data().pricePerUnit; uint256 expectedPrice = (amount * pricePerUnit) / 1e18; require(msg.value == expectedPrice, "PricedMint: invalid price sent"); (bool success,) = owner().call{value: msg.value}(""); require(success, "ERC20Core: failed to send value"); } function getExtensionConfig() external pure virtual override returns (ExtensionConfig memory config) { config.callbackFunctions = new CallbackFunction ; config.callbackFunctions[0] = CallbackFunction(this.beforeMint.selector); config.fallbackFunctions = new FallbackFunction ; config.fallbackFunctions[0] = FallbackFunction(this.setPricePerUnit.selector, 0); } } DeployTo deploy the Modular Contract, first get your API Key from the Thirdweb Dashboard. Then run npx thirdweb publish -k "THIRDWEB_API_KEY", replacing "THIRDWEB_API_KEY" with your key. Select "CounterModule," scroll down, click "Next," choose the "Sepolia" network, and click "Publish Contract."For the Core Contract, run npx thirdweb deploy -k "THIRDWEB_API_KEY" in your terminal, replacing "THIRDWEB_API_KEY" with your key. Select "CounterCore," enter the contract owner's address, and click "Deploy Now." Choose the "Sepolia" chain and click "Deploy Now" again to start the deployment.Also, Explore | How to Create a Smart Contract for Lottery SystemConclusionModular contracts represent a design approach in smart contract development that prioritizes flexibility, reusability, and separation of concerns. By breaking down complex functionalities into smaller, interchangeable modules, developers can create more maintainable code and implement updates more easily without losing existing state. Commonly utilized in token standards and decentralized finance (DeFi), modular contracts enhance the creation of decentralized applications (dApps) and promote interoperability, thereby fostering innovation within the blockchain ecosystem. If you are looking for enterprise-grade smart contract development services, connect with our skilled Solidity developers to get started.

Technology: MEAN , PYTHON more Category: Blockchain

Mudit Singh

03 Oct 2024

Integrate Raydium Swap Functionality on a Solana Program Solana is recognized as a top platform for blockchain app development due to its low transaction fees and excellent throughput. With its smooth token swaps, yield farming, and liquidity pools, Raydium is a well-known automated market maker (AMM) and liquidity provider among the many protocols that flourish on Solana. Developers wishing to expand on this dynamic environment have many options when integrating Raydium's switch feature into custom Solana software.Also, Explore | How to Develop a Crypto Swap Aggregator PlatformThis blog will guide you through the process of using the Raydium SDK and the Solana Web3.js framework to integrate the swap functionality of Raydium into your Solana program.You may also like | How to Build a Solana Sniper BotUsing Raydium SDK and Solana Web.js to Integrate Swap Functionality on a Solana ProrgramPrerequisites:Node.js is installed on your machine.Solana CLI installed and configured.Basic knowledge of TypeScript and Solana development.A basic understanding of how Raydium works.Setting Up the Environment:npm init -ynpm install @solana/web3.js @solana/spl-token @raydium-io/raydium-sdk decimal.js fs@solana/web3.js: The official Solana JavaScript SDK.@solana/spl-token: A library for interacting with the Solana Program Library (SPL) tokens.@raydium-io/raydium-sdk: The Raydium SDK interacts with the protocol's AMM and liquidity pools.decimal.js: A library for handling arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic.Also, Explore | SPL-404 Token Standard | Enhancing Utility in the Solana EcosystemConnect with Solana Clusterimport { Connection, clusterApiUrl, Keypair, PublicKey, Transaction } from '@solana/web3.js'; const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl('devnet'), 'confirmed'); console.log("Connected to Solana Devnet");Payer's Keypair Loading:import * as fs from 'fs'; const data = fs.readFileSync('./secret.json', 'utf8'); const secretKey = Uint8Array.from(JSON.parse(data)); const payer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(secretKey); console.log("Payer's public key:", payer.publicKey.toBase58());Creating and Minting SPL Tokensimport { createMint, getMint, mintTo, getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount } from '@solana/spl-token'; const token1 = await createMint(connection, payer, payer.publicKey, null, 9); const token2 = await createMint(connection, payer, payer.publicKey, null, 9); const token1Account = await getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(connection, payer, token1, payer.publicKey); const token2Account = await getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(connection, payer, token2, payer.publicKey); await mintTo(connection, payer, token1, token1Account.address, payer.publicKey, 1000000000); // 1000 tokens await mintTo(connection, payer, token2, token2Account.address, payer.publicKey, 1000000000); console.log("Minted tokens and created associated token accounts.");Creating a Liquidity Pool on Raydium:import { Liquidity, DEVNET_PROGRAM_ID, TxVersion, BN } from '@raydium-io/raydium-sdk'; const targetMarketId = Keypair.generate().publicKey; const startTime = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) + 60 * 60 * 24 * 7; const walletAccount = await getWalletTokenAccount(connection, payer.publicKey); const createPoolTx = await Liquidity.makeCreatePoolV4InstructionV2Simple({ connection, programId: DEVNET_PROGRAM_ID.AmmV4, marketInfo: { marketId: targetMarketId, programId: DEVNET_PROGRAM_ID.OPENBOOK_MARKET, }, baseMintInfo: { mint: token1, decimals: 9 }, quoteMintInfo: { mint: new PublicKey('So11111111111111111111111111111111111111112'), decimals: 9 }, baseAmount: new BN(10000), quoteAmount: new BN(10000), startTime: new BN(Math.floor(startTime)), ownerInfo: { feePayer: payer.publicKey, wallet: payer.publicKey, tokenAccounts: walletAccount, useSOLBalance: true, }, associatedOnly: false, checkCreateATAOwner: true, makeTxVersion: TxVersion.V0, }); console.log("Liquidity pool created on Raydium.");Add Liquidity:const addLiquidityTx = await Liquidity.makeAddLiquidityInstructionSimple({ connection, poolKeys, userKeys: { owner: payer.publicKey, payer: payer.publicKey, tokenAccounts: walletAccount, }, amountInA: new TokenAmount(new Token(TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, token1, 9, 'Token1', 'Token1'), 100), amountInB: maxAnotherAmount, fixedSide: 'a', makeTxVersion, }); console.log("Liquidity added to the pool.");Perform a Swap: const swapInstruction = await Liquidity.makeSwapInstruction({ poolKeys, userKeys: { owner: payer.publicKey, tokenAccountIn: fromTokenAccount, tokenAccountOut: toTokenAccount, }, amountIn, amountOut: minimumAmountOut, fixedSide: "in", }); // Correcting the transaction creation by accessing the correct innerTransaction const transaction = new Transaction().add(...swapInstruction.innerTransaction.instructions); const transactionSignature = await connection.sendTransaction( transaction, [payer], { skipPreflight: false, preflightCommitment: "confirmed" } ); console.log("Swap transaction signature:", transactionSignature);Also, Explore | How to Get the Transaction Logs on SolanaConclusionYou have successfully included Raydium's swap feature into your Solana program by following the instructions provided in this Blog. In the DeFi space, Raydium offers strong tools for swapping and liquidity. If you want to leverage the potential of Solana and Raydium Swap Functionality for your project, connect with our skilled Solana developers to get started.

Technology: SMART CONTRACT , POSTGRESQL more Category: Blockchain

Rahul Maurya

02 Oct 2024

How to Build a Multi-Chain Account Abstraction Wallet Understanding Account AbstractionAfter Vitalik presented the idea of account abstraction in 2015, it gained attention. The word "account abstraction" is wide, but to put it briefly, it refers to the abstraction of the inflexibility and inherent structure of user accounts in a blockchain. This allows for network interaction while also increasing their flexibility and adaptability. Instead of relying on the pre-built standard Blockchain rules, suppliers of crypto wallet solutions develop user-friendly accounts with unique logic that allows them to apply their own asset storage and transaction conditions.This lets the wallet control user actions without requiring users to sign transactions or physically hold private keys. Wallet development teams create smart contracts that function as user accounts in these kinds of applications. These contracts have the ability to communicate across programs, work with several accounts, and apply unique logic.Multi-Chain Support: Bridging or cross-chain communication protocols can be used as a way to communicate with several blockchains.Smart Contract Architecture: A primary contract and perhaps a factory for generating wallet instances will make up the wallet.Also, Read | ERC 4337 : Account Abstraction for Ethereum Smart Contract WalletsHow to Build a Multi-Chain Account Abstraction WalletStep1: Recognise the Complexities of Account AbstractionUnderstanding the ins and outs of account abstraction is crucial before starting the Account Abstraction wallet process. This is the process of providing user-friendly designs while severing the connection between user accounts and Blockchain accounts.Step:2 Choose an Appropriate Blockchain PlatformChoose a blockchain platform that either supports it natively or can be improved to do so. As an alternative, you may think about Ethereum, which comes with a tonne of Ethereum Improvement Proposals, including ERC-4337, a common AA idea.Step:3 Establish a Development EnvironmentInstall the necessary development tools, such as Hardhat, Truffle, and Node.js, to create smart contracts. Additionally, the establishment of a blockchain node can be done with Ganache or by connecting it to a testnet, like Rinkeby or Ropsten.Step:4 Make the contracts for smart contractsMake a smart contract that shows which user account is in charge of managing transaction volume and user authentication. It is also advisable to have a central point contract that facilitates communication with account contracts. Utilise proxy patterns to incorporate security measures for contract upgrades.Step:5 DesignAim for straightforward, user-friendly designs while considering the diverse user bases. Success results from keeping people interested in the wallet. The design is shared for approval when it has been created.Step:6 Security Audits and TestingThe smart contracts will undergo extensive testing following the development of the solution. Testing is done in various settings to check for mistakes and defects. For smart contract assessments, vulnerability detection, and remediation, third-party auditors are hired.Step:7 Install on the MainnetThe system is ready for post-launch post-testing and Mainnet security assessments. This stage involves configuring the server environment and deploying the code into the production environment.Step:8 Upkeep and ModificationsExamine the systems for problems, and where necessary, apply upgrades. Assist users who may have queries or encounter problems when using the wallet. As a result, the solution will become reliable and capable over time.Step:9 Marketing & Getting User FeedbackTo attract consumers' attention, the solution is advertised through various means. This covers joint ventures and collaborations, recommendations, social media marketing, and YouTube advertising. The solution is improved by the collection of user input.Also, Check | How to Build a Cryptocurrency Wallet App Like ExodusBuilding a Multi-Chain Account Abstraction WalletExample: - Set Up Hardhat:-If you haven't set up a Hardhat project yet, you can do so with the following commands:mkdir MultiChainWallet cd MultiChainWallet npm init -y npm install --save-dev hardhat npx hardhatAdd the ContractCreate a file named MultiChainWallet.sol in the contracts directory and paste the contract code:// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; interface IERC20 { function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256); } contract MultiChainWallet { mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private balances; mapping(address => bool) private wallets; event WalletCreated(address indexed owner); event Deposit(address indexed user, address indexed token, uint256 amount); event Withdraw(address indexed user, address indexed token, uint256 amount); modifier onlyWallet() { require(wallets[msg.sender], "Wallet does not exist"); _; } function createWallet() external { require(!wallets[msg.sender], "Wallet already exists"); wallets[msg.sender] = true; emit WalletCreated(msg.sender); } function deposit(address token, uint256 amount) external onlyWallet { require(amount > 0, "Invalid amount"); IERC20(token).transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount); balances[msg.sender][token] += amount; emit Deposit(msg.sender, token, amount); } function withdraw(address token, uint256 amount) external onlyWallet { require(balances[msg.sender][token] >= amount, "Insufficient balance"); balances[msg.sender][token] -= amount; IERC20(token).transfer(msg.sender, amount); emit Withdraw(msg.sender, token, amount); } function getBalance(address token) external view onlyWallet returns (uint256) { return balances[msg.sender][token]; } } contract MockERC20 is IERC20 { string public name; string public symbol; uint8 public decimals = 18; mapping(address => uint256) private _balances; mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances; constructor(string memory _name, string memory _symbol, address initialAccount, uint256 initialBalance) { name = _name; symbol = _symbol; _balances[initialAccount] = initialBalance; } function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external override returns (bool) { _transfer(msg.sender, recipient, amount); return true; } function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external override returns (bool) { require(amount <= _allowances[sender][msg.sender], "Allowance exceeded"); _approve(sender, msg.sender, _allowances[sender][msg.sender] - amount); _transfer(sender, recipient, amount); return true; } function balanceOf(address account) external view override returns (uint256) { return _balances[account]; } function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool) { _approve(msg.sender, spender, amount); return true; } function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256) { return _allowances[owner][spender]; } function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal { require(sender != address(0), "Transfer from the zero address"); require(recipient != address(0), "Transfer to the zero address"); require(_balances[sender] >= amount, "Insufficient balance"); _balances[sender] -= amount; _balances[recipient] += amount; } function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal { require(owner != address(0), "Approve from the zero address"); require(spender != address(0), "Approve to the zero address"); _allowances[owner][spender] = amount; } } You may also like | What is the Cost of Creating a Crypto Wallet App in 2024Create the Deployment Script:Create a new file named deploy.js in the scripts directory and add the following code:// scripts/deploy.jsasync function main() { const MockERC20 = await ethers.getContractFactory("MockERC20"); const mockToken = await MockERC20.deploy("Mock Token", "MTK", "0xYourAddressHere", ethers.utils.parseEther("1000")); await mockToken.deployed(); console.log("MockERC20 deployed to:", mockToken.address); } // Execute the script main() .then(() => process.exit(0)) .catch((error) => { console.error(error); process.exit(1); }); Configure Hardhat NetworkEdit the hardhat.config.js file to configure the network you want to deploy to (for example, the Rinkeby testnet or the local Hardhat network):require('@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle'); module.exports = { solidity: "0.8.0", networks: { rinkeby: { url: 'https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/YOUR_INFURA_PROJECT_ID', accounts: [`0x${YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY}`] } } }; Create the Test File Create a new file named MultiChainWallet.test.js in the test directory and add the following test cases:// test/MultiChainWallet.test.js// test/MockERC20.test.jsconst { expect } = require("chai"); const { ethers } = require("hardhat"); describe("MockERC20", function () { let mockToken; let owner; let addr1; let addr2; beforeEach(async function () { const MockERC20 = await ethers.getContractFactory("MockERC20"); [owner, addr1, addr2] = await ethers.getSigners(); mockToken = await MockERC20.deploy("Mock Token", "MTK", owner.address, ethers.utils.parseEther("1000")); await mockToken.deployed(); }); describe("Deployment", function () { it("Should set the correct name and symbol", async function () { expect(await mockToken.name()).to.equal("Mock Token"); expect(await mockToken.symbol()).to.equal("MTK"); }); it("Should assign the initial balance", async function () { const balance = await mockToken.balanceOf(owner.address); expect(balance).to.equal(ethers.utils.parseEther("1000")); }); }); describe("Transactions", function () { it("Should transfer tokens between accounts", async function () { await mockToken.transfer(addr1.address, ethers.utils.parseEther("100")); const addr1Balance = await mockToken.balanceOf(addr1.address); expect(addr1Balance).to.equal(ethers.utils.parseEther("100")); }); it("Should approve tokens for spending", async function () { await mockToken.approve(addr1.address, ethers.utils.parseEther("50")); const allowance = await mockToken.allowance(owner.address, addr1.address); expect(allowance).to.equal(ethers.utils.parseEther("50")); }); it("Should transfer tokens from one account to another", async function () { await mockToken.approve(addr1.address, ethers.utils.parseEther("50")); await mockToken.connect(addr1).transferFrom(owner.address, addr2.address, ethers.utils.parseEther("50")); const addr2Balance = await mockToken.balanceOf(addr2.address); expect(addr2Balance).to.equal(ethers.utils.parseEther("50")); }); }); });Also, Read | How to Build a Real-Time Wallet TrackerDeploy the ContractTo deploy the contract, run the following command in your terminal:npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network <network_name>Verify the Deployment:-Once deployed, you should see the contract address in the terminal output. You can verify the deployment on Etherscan (for public networks) or through your local Hardhat node.Overview of the Above Contract:-Deposit Function: The wallet allows users to deposit Ether, with the balance being linked to a particular chain ID.Withdraw Function: Users are able to take their remaining Ether balance for a certain chain out. Execute Function: Using a signature-based verification system, this function enables the owner to carry out transactions on other contracts.Events: For tracking purposes, send out events for deposits, withdrawals, and completed transactions.Explanation of the TestsDeposit Tests: Tests that users can deposit Ether and that their balance is updated accordingly. Checks that the Deposited event is emitted.Withdraw Tests: Ensures that users can withdraw their Ether. Validates that trying to withdraw more than the balance reverts the transaction. Checks that the Withdrawn event is emitted.Execute Tests: Validates that the owner can successfully execute a transaction. Tests that an invalid signature reverts the transaction.Interactions Across Chains: Cross-chain interactions are not specifically handled by this contract. You could utilise bridging mechanisms like Wormhole or LayerZero, oracles, to establish communication between various chains in order to do this.Security: Whenever you work with different chains, make sure to audit your contracts and take into account possible attack routes.Gas Efficiency: When building your functions, especially for cross-chain calls, keep gas expenses in mind.Also, Check | Create an Externally Owned Wallet using Web3J and Spring BootTesting and Deployment:-You can utilise test networks for the individual chains you wish to support together with frameworks like Hardhat or Truffle to deploy and test this contract.Boost Functionality: Include extra features such as role-based access control, support for ERC20 tokens, and recovery methods.Cross-Chain Communication: To move assets between chains, investigate and put into practice cross-chain protocols.User Interface: Using Web3.js or Ethers.js frameworks, create a front-end interface for interacting with the wallet. This ought to provide you with a basic idea of how to construct a Solidity wallet that abstracts multiple chains of accounts. Be sure to modify and enlarge the code in accordance with the specifications of your project!Monetary Benefits of Investing in Account Abstraction Wallet:-Cost is a significant component of Account Abstraction wallet development. It is impacted by numerous factors that bring these apps to life. Let us spotlight these factors in detail:Development Team SizeThe expertise and experience of the development team affect the wallet cost. Hire a skilled team with Blockchain background and consider the cost of developers, designers, blockchain experts and security professionals.Features and ComplexityThe features integrated within the application have a direct influence on the cost. The charges of basic wallets are less, while the advanced ones escalate the cost.Security MeasuresThe significance of powerful security mechanisms can't be understated. The higher the security, the higher the development charges. Make sure that the advanced security mechanisms are integrated, which is a significant investment but gives you peace of mind.Legal and Compliance CostsAddressing complaint measures involves legal consultations and ensuring that the application adheres to local and global regulations. These costs are included in the overall budget.Also, Discover | How to Sign Ledger using Solana Wallet AdapterAccount Abstraction Wallets DrawbacksComplexity: Compared to standard wallets, the architecture may be more intricate, which might increase the likelihood of errors or implementation flaws.Experience of the User: Those who are only familiar with conventional wallets may find it difficult to grasp new ideas like transaction signature off-chain.Difficulties with Onboarding: It might be difficult for novice users to set up and use these wallets efficiently.Smart Contract Weaknesses: The usage of smart contracts exposes users to more risks, including those related to reentrancy attacks, vulnerabilities, and exploits that might result in financial loss.Signature Management: Insecure implementation of off-chain signing techniques may result in compromised private keys.Reliance on Oracles and Bridges: Multi-chain functionality often depends on external oracles and bridging services, which can introduce additional points of failure.Potential Latency: Cross-chain transactions might be slower due to the need for confirmations and interactions with multiple networks.KYC/AML Concerns: Implementing features like KYC for account abstraction wallets could complicate user privacy and lead to regulatory scrutiny.Compliance Complexity: Ensuring compliance across multiple jurisdictions can be challenging and resource-intensive.Interoperability Challenges: Different chains may have varying standards and functionalities, complicating interoperability and the overall user experience.Limited Support: Not all decentralized applications (dApps) may support account abstraction wallets, limiting their usability.If you are looking for assistance to build your blockchain-based project, connect with our skilled blockchain developers to get started.

Technology: SMART CONTRACT , REDIS more Category: Blockchain

Kapil Dagar

01 Oct 2024

How to Build a Cross-Chain Bridge Using Solidity and Rust The capacity to transfer assets across networks effortlessly is more important than ever in the ever-changing world of blockchain development. Envision a bridge that unites the Ethereum and Solana worlds, letting tokens move freely while upholding security and openness. In this project, we use the robust programming languages Solidity and Rust to set out on the task of creating a cross-chain bridge. Through utilizing Rust's efficiency for Solana's on-chain logic and Solidity's capabilities for Ethereum smart contracts, our goal is to provide a solid framework that makes token exchanges simple. Whether you're a crypto enthusiast excited to explore new possibilities or a developer trying to improve interoperability, this guide will take you through all the necessary steps to realize this ambitious aim. Now let's dive in.PrerequisitesProgrammingLanguages:Solidity, Javascript/Typescript, and RustIDE:VS-Code and any preferred IDELibraries:ETH:Hardhat, Ethers, Axios, OpenzepplinSOL:Solana Web3.js, Solana Spl-tokenAlso, Explore | How To Build "Buy Me a Coffee" DeFi dApp Using SolidityHow to Build a Cross-Chain Bridge Using Solidity and RustIt's preferred that you setup 3 projects, separately for:I) Ethereum's ERC-20 Token Smart Contract:You'll need to setup node.js, solidity and hardhat in your IDE/ system. So, we'll begin with setting up hardhat code, for example "click-here". Here's the code for the ERC-20 Token using Openzepplin's library.code.................................................................................................. // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol"; import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol"; contract Testtoken is ERC20, Ownable { event BurnAndMoveToSolana(address indexed user, string solanaAddress, uint256 amount); event MintFromSolana(address indexed user, uint256 amount); address public relayer; constructor() ERC20("EthereumToken", "ETHR") Ownable(msg.sender){ _mint(msg.sender, 1000000 * (10 ** decimals()));// change amount as per your understanding } modifier onlyRelayer() { require(msg.sender == relayer, "Not authorized"); _; } function setRelayer(address _relayer) external onlyOwner { relayer = _relayer; } function burnAndMoveToSolana(uint256 amount, string memory solanaAddress) external {// main transfering function _burn(msg.sender, amount); emit BurnAndMoveToSolana(msg.sender, solanaAddress, amount); } function mintFromSolana(address to, uint256 amount) external onlyRelayer { _mint(to, amount); emit MintFromSolana(to, amount); } event TokensBurned(address indexed from, address indexed solanaAddress, uint256 amount); }You may also like | Building a Decentralized Voting System with Solidity and Hardhat2) Solana's SPL Token Program:You'll need to setup node.js, Solana, and Rust in your IDE/ system. To begin with, we'll set-up a empty solana-sdk code. Here's the full code/implementation for the SPL Token using Solana-web3.js & Solana spl-token.code................................................................................................. const { Connection, Keypair, PublicKey, clusterApiUrl, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL } = require('@solana/web3.js'); const { createMint, getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount, mintTo, getAccount, burn } = require('@solana/spl-token'); async function mintAndBurnTokens(connection, fromWallet, tokenAccount, mint, amountToMint, amountToBurn, ethAddress) { await mintTo( connection, fromWallet, mint, tokenAccount.address, fromWallet.publicKey, amountToMint ); console.log(`Minted ${amountToMint / (10 ** 9)} tokens to your associated token account.`); const tokenAccountBalance = await getAccount(connection, tokenAccount.address); console.log(`Token account balance after minting: ${Number(tokenAccountBalance.amount) / (10 ** 9)} tokens`); if (Number(tokenAccountBalance.amount) < amountToBurn) { console.log(`Insufficient funds. Current balance: ${Number(tokenAccountBalance.amount) / (10 ** 9)} tokens.`); return; } await burn( connection, fromWallet, tokenAccount.address, mint, fromWallet.publicKey, amountToBurn ); console.log(`Burned ${amountToBurn / (10 ** 9)} tokens from ${fromWallet.publicKey} and moving to Ethereum wallet ${ethAddress}.`); console.log(`Relaying burn event to Ethereum relayer for Ethereum wallet: ${ethAddress}, amount: ${amountToBurn / (10 ** 9)}.`); } (async () => { const fromWallet = Keypair.fromSecretKey(new Uint8Array([your,secret,keypair])); const ethAddress = "0xyourAddress";//add your eth wallet address const mintAmount = 100000 * 10 ** 9;// amount of SPL tokens to mint const burnAmount = 1000 * 10 ** 9;// amount of SPL tokens to burn/transfer const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl('devnet'), 'confirmed');// put your preferred cluster console.log('Creating SPL token...'); const mint = await createMint( connection, fromWallet, fromWallet.publicKey, null, 9 ); const fromTokenAccount = await getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount( connection, fromWallet, mint, fromWallet.publicKey ); console.log('Minting tokens...'); await mintAndBurnTokens(connection, fromWallet, fromTokenAccount, mint, mintAmount, burnAmount, ethAddress); console.log(`View token account on Solana Explorer: https://explorer.solana.com/address/${fromTokenAccount.address}?cluster=devnet`); })(); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////Also, Read | How To Create a Daily Game Reward System in Solidity3) Relayer-Bridge Project:In order to facilitate safe and transparent token transfers between two blockchains, a relayer-bridge project serves as an essential bridge. Using smart contracts and event listeners, the relayer in the Ethereum and Solana context watches on particular occurrences on one blockchain, like an Ethereum token burn. When the relayer notices one of these events, it sends the required information—such as the recipient's address and the quantity of tokens—to the other chain so that the corresponding action—like minting the tokens on Solana—can take place there. In order to preserve network balance, this bi-directional communication makes sure that tokens burned on one chain are minted on the other. In order to smoothly connect the two ecosystems, the relayer's job is to validate and relay these transactions without sacrificing security or speed.Here's the Code for the Relayer-Bridge :code.................................................................................................. const WebSocket = require("ws"); const { ethers } = require("ethers"); const fs = require("fs"); require('dotenv').config(); const wsUrl = "wss://api.devnet.solana.com";//your desired network const connection = new WebSocket(wsUrl); const provider = new ethers.WebSocketProvider(process.env.ETH_WSS_URL); const wallet = new ethers.Wallet(process.env.ETH_PRIVATE_KEY, provider); const contractAddress = process.env.ETH_CONTRACT_ADDRESS; const abi = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("./path_to_your/eth_contract_abi.json")); const contract = new ethers.Contract(contractAddress, abi, wallet); connection.on("open", () => { console.log("Connected to Solana WebSocket"); const subscriptionMessage = JSON.stringify({ jsonrpc: "2.0", id: 1, method: "logsSubscribe", params: [ { mentions: [""],// Your SPL token address }, { commitment: "finalized", }, ], }); connection.send(subscriptionMessage); }); connection.on("message", async (data) => { const response = JSON.parse(data); if (response.method === "logsNotification") { const logData = response.params.result; // Check if the log indicates a burn if (isBurnLog(logData)) { const amountBurned = extractBurnAmount(logData); console.log(`Burn detected: ${amountBurned} tokens`); await mintTokens(amountBurned); } } else { console.log("Received message:", response); } }); connection.on("close", () => { console.log("Connection closed"); }); connection.on("error", (error) => { console.error("WebSocket error:", error); }); // Function to Check the log data structure to confirm it's a burn event function isBurnLog(logData) { return logData && logData.err === null && logData.logs && logData.logs.some(log => log.includes("burn")); } // Function to extract the amount burned from the log data function extractBurnAmount(logData) { const amountLog = logData.logs.find(log => log.includes("burn")); if (amountLog) { const amount =/* logic to parse your burn amount format */; return parseFloat(amount);// Return the amount as a number } return 0; } // Function to mint tokens on Ethereum async function mintTokens(amount) { try { const tx = await contract.mint(wallet.address, ethers.utils.parseUnits(amount.toString(), 18)); console.log(`Mint transaction sent: ${tx.hash}`); await tx.wait(); console.log("Minting successful"); } catch (error) { console.error("Minting failed:", error); } } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////This part of the relayer works for the transfer of SPL tokens to the ERC-20 tokens on Ethereum. Similarly, we can perform the transfer of ERC-20 tokens to SPL Tokens on the Solana blockchain, burn them, and its functionality will trigger the SPL Token's mint function to complete the cross-chain transaction.Also, Discover | How to Create a MultiSig Wallet in SolidityConclusionIn conclusion, creating a relayer-equipped cross-chain bridge enables users to transfer assets between Ethereum and Solana with ease, opening up a world of decentralised opportunities. Utilising Solidity and Rust's respective advantages, you can build a scalable, secure solution that connects two robust blockchain ecosystems. This project shapes the future of decentralised finance by paving the ground for true blockchain interoperability with the correct tools and knowledge. Connect with our skilled Solidity developers to bring your blockchain-related vision into reality.

Technology: MEAN , PYTHON more Category: Blockchain

Ashish Gushain

30 Sep 2024

Building a Custom Blockchain Consensus Mechanism Blockchain technology relies on consensus algorithms to validate transactions and maintain network integrity. While public blockchains use popular algorithms like Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS), private blockchains often require a custom consensus mechanism tailored to their specific needs. In this blog, we'll explore how to build a custom consensus algorithm for a private blockchain, ensuring it's secure, efficient, and meets your business requirements. For more about blockchain, visit our blockchain development services.What is a Consensus Algorithm?A consensus algorithm is a mechanism that allows all participants in a blockchain network to agree on the state of the ledger. This agreement ensures that the data in the blockchain is accurate and prevents fraudulent transactions or data tampering.Why Build a Custom Consensus Algorithm for a Private Blockchain?Control: Private blockchains are often used by organizations that want control over who can participate in the network.Efficiency: Custom algorithms can be designed to be more efficient for smaller networks, reducing transaction confirmation times.Security: Tailored algorithms provide an extra layer of security by addressing specific threats relevant to the private blockchain environment.Also, Check | How to Create Your Own Private Blockchain using CosmosChoosing a Suitable Consensus AlgorithmBefore we start building, let's briefly discuss different consensus algorithms that can inspire your custom model:Proof of Authority (PoA):Only trusted nodes can validate transactions, suitable for private networks with a small number of participants.Raft Consensus:A leader-based approach where one node is elected as the leader to manage transactions.Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT):Handles faulty nodes and works efficiently in networks with up to one-third of malicious participants.Also, Explore | How to Utilize Rollup-as-a-Service for Maximum EfficiencyStep-by-Step Guide to Building the Custom Consensus AlgorithmStep 1: Define the Blockchain StructureBlock Class class Block { constructor(index, timestamp, data, previousHash = '') { this.index = index; // Position of the block in the chain this.timestamp = timestamp; // The time when this block was created this.data = data; // Information to be stored in the block (e.g., transactions) this.previousHash = previousHash; // Hash of the previous block in the chain this.hash = this.calculateHash(); // Unique identifier generated for this block this.validator = null; // The validator node that approves this block } delves calculateHash() { return CryptoJS.SHA256( this.index + this.timestamp + JSON.stringify(this.data) + this.previousHash ).toString(); } }Detailed Breakdown:Each block has an index, timestamp, data, previousHash, hash, and validator. The calculateHash() function combines the block's properties and generates a unique hash using the SHA-256 algorithm. This hash ensures that even a small change in the block's data will result in a completely different hash, making the blockchain tamper-resistant.Key Point: In blockchain, the hash acts like a digital fingerprint for each block. It's crucial because it ensures that data within the block hasn't been altered.Also, Read | How ShadCN is better than AndDBlockchain Class class Blockchain { constructor() { this.chain = [this.createGenesisBlock()]; // Initialize the blockchain with the first block this.validators = ['Node1', 'Node2', 'Node3']; // Nodes authorized to validate new blocks } createGenesisBlock() { return new Block(0, '01/01/2024', 'Genesis Block', '0'); // First block with no previous hash } getLatestBlock() { return this.chain[this.chain.length - 1]; // Fetch the last block added to the chain } addBlock(newBlock) { newBlock.previousHash = this.getLatestBlock().hash; // Connect the new block to the previous one newBlock.hash = newBlock.calculateHash(); // Calculate the hash based on the new block's data // Apply the consensus mechanism newBlock.validator = this.selectValidator(); if (this.isBlockValid(newBlock)) { this.chain.push(newBlock); // Add the block to the chain if valid console.log(`Block approved by: ${newBlock.validator}`); } else { console.log('Block rejected'); } } isBlockValid(block) { // Ensure the selected validator is authorized return this.validators.includes(block.validator); } selectValidator() { // Randomly choose a validator to approve the block const selectedValidator = this.validators[Math.floor(Math.random() * this.validators.length)]; return selectedValidator; } isChainValid() { for (let i = 1; i < this.chain.length; i++) { const currentBlock = this.chain[i]; const previousBlock = this.chain[i - 1]; // Check the integrity of the block if (currentBlock.hash !== currentBlock.calculateHash()) return false; // Verify the chain linkage if (currentBlock.previousHash !== previousBlock.hash) return false; } return true; } }Genesis Block:The genesis block is the first block in the blockchain. It's created with index = 0 and has a previousHash of '0' because it doesn't have any predecessor.addBlock(newBlock):The addBlock function adds a new block to the blockchain, ensuring the chain's integrity by setting previousHash to the hash of the latest block.The selectValidator function randomly picks a validator node to approve the block. If approved by an authorized validator, the block is added to the blockchain.selectValidator():The selectValidator function represents the core of our Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism. Here, validators are chosen at random, but you can enhance this logic based on factors like node reputation or stake.isChainValid():This function verifies the integrity of the entire blockchain. It ensures that each block's hash matches the recalculated hash using calculateHash() and that previousHash correctly links to the preceding block.Important Concept: The blockchain maintains its integrity through these hashes. Any change to a block's data would alter its hash, breaking the chain's continuity and making tampering evident.You may also like | How to Swap Tokens on Uniswap V3Step 2: Testing the BlockchainLet's test our custom blockchain:let myBlockchain = new Blockchain(); myBlockchain.addBlock(new Block(1, '02/01/2024', { amount: 100 })); myBlockchain.addBlock(new Block(2, '03/01/2024', { amount: 200 })); console.log(JSON.stringify(myBlockchain, null, 4)); console.log('Is blockchain valid? ' + myBlockchain.isChainValid());Explanation:We create an instance of Blockchain and add two blocks with transaction data { amount: 100 } and { amount: 200 }.Finally, we print the entire blockchain to see its structure and check its validity using isChainValid().Also, Discover | How to Develop a Layer 1 BlockchainEnhancing the Consensus Mechanism: VotingThe basic algorithm randomly selects a validator to approve a block. For more security, we introduced a voting mechanism where multiple validators decide.Voting Mechanism ExampleaddBlock(newBlock) { newBlock.previousHash = this.getLatestBlock().hash; newBlock.hash = newBlock.calculateHash(); let approvalCount = 0; // Simulate voting by validators this.validators.forEach(validator => { if (Math.random() > 0.4) { console.log(`${validator} approved the block`); approvalCount++; } else { console.log(`${validator} rejected the block`); } }); if (approvalCount >= 2) { this.chain.push(newBlock); console.log(`Block approved with ${approvalCount} votes`); } else { console.log('Block rejected'); } }Detailed Explanation:The block requires approval from at least 2 out of 3 validators. For each validator, there's a 60% chance of approving the block (Math.random() > 0.4). This mechanism ensures that no single validator can make decisions, providing greater security and trust.Also, Read | How to Access Private Data in Smart ContractsReal-World SignificancePrivate Network: In a corporate setting, this custom algorithm ensures that only authorized participants can validate transactions.Security: By implementing a voting mechanism, you reduce the risk of fraudulent activities, as multiple validators must approve each transaction.Scalability: Custom algorithms are optimised for small, private networks, reducing transaction confirmation times compared to public blockchains.Also, Check | How to Fork Ethereum with HardhatConclusionThis detailed explanation covers how to create a custom consensus algorithm tailored to a private blockchain using concepts from the Proof of Authority (PoA) and introduces voting mechanisms. By understanding how validators are selected, how blocks are validated, and how consensus is achieved, you now have a solid foundation for implementing custom blockchain solutions.You can expand this model into a more robust solution by implementing advanced features like reputation tracking, penalty mechanisms for dishonest nodes, or integrating cryptographic signatures for additional security.By experimenting with this code, you'll gain practical experience and develop a deeper understanding of consensus algorithms, preparing you for more advanced blockchain projects. Feel free to modify and experiment with the code to match your specific requirements!Key TakeawaysUnderstand your network's needs: Tailor your algorithm for efficiency, security, and control.Customize validation logic: Implement mechanisms like voting or reputation to enhance the consensus process.Experiment and iterate: Continuously test and refine your algorithm to achieve optimal performance.This blog should help you understand how to build a custom consensus algorithm and implement it in a private blockchain. Feel free to modify and enhance the code to suit your specific requirements. In case if you are looking for blockchain development services, connect with our skilled blockchain developers to get started.

Technology: MEAN , PYTHON more Category: Blockchain

Ashutosh Modanwal

28 Sep 2024

Telegram Mini Apps vs. Telegram Bots : Exploring the Key Differences Telegram has grown far beyond its origins as a messaging app. It evolved into a versatile platform where developers and businesses can build a variety of tools and applications. Among the features that stand out are Telegram Crypto Trading Bots andTelegram Mini Apps (TMAs). Each of these offers unique functionalities and serves different purposes, catering to diverse needs within the Telegram ecosystem.In this blog, we compare Telegram Bots and Mini Apps, highlighting their unique functionalities, integration methods, development processes, and more.Suggested Read | Telegram Crypto Trading Bot DevelopmentUnderstanding Telegram Bots and Telegram Mini AppsWhat Are Telegram Bots?Telegram Bots are automated software applications that run on the Telegram platform. They interact with users through Telegram's messaging interface, performing tasks and providing information based on predefined commands and inputs.Key Features of Telegram BotsAutomated Interaction: Bots can respond to user inputs with predefined messages or actions, making them ideal for customer support, information retrieval, and interactive experiences.APIs and Webhooks: Developers can use Telegram's Bot API to interact with the platform programmatically. This allows for real-time messaging, updates, and more complex integrations with external services.Customization: Bots can be programmed to handle various tasks, from sending notifications to managing group activities and even processing payments.Ease of Access: Users can start interacting with a bot simply by searching for its username and initiating a conversation, without the need for additional installations.Rich Interaction: Bots can use Telegram's features like inline keyboards, custom commands, and callback queries to create interactive and engaging experiences.Some Use Cases for Telegram BotsCustomer Support: Provide instant answers to common questions or guide users through troubleshooting steps.Content Delivery: Share updates, news, or media content regularly with subscribers.Interactive Services: Facilitate quizzes, games, and other interactive experiences within a chat.Explore | Top 7 Most Popular Telegram Crypto Trading Bots in 2024What Are Telegram Mini Apps?Telegram Mini Apps, orTelegram Web Apps, are web-based applications that are embedded within Telegram chats. They offer a more immersive and interactive experience than standard web links or bots by leveraging the Telegram client's interface directly. These apps basically bridge the gap between Telegram bots and full-fledged heavy web applications.Key Features of Telegram Mini AppsSeamless Integration: Mini Apps run directly within the Telegram interface. They provide a seamless experience without requiring users to leave the chat or switch apps.Rich User Interface: They can offer a more sophisticated and visually appealing interface than bots, supporting complex layouts, multimedia, and dynamic content.Enhanced Functionality: Mini Apps can utilize the full power of web technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) to create advanced features, such as real-time updates, interactive forms, and sophisticated user interactions.User Authentication: They can access Telegram user information and authenticate users directly via Telegram, simplifying login and personalization processes.Context Awareness: Mini Apps can leverage the context of the conversation or chat to tailor their functionality and provide more relevant interactions.Also, Check | Develop Your Own Telegram Mini Apps : A Step-by-Step GuideSome Use Cases for Telegram Mini AppsE-Commerce: Create shopping experiences where users can browse products, make purchases, and track orders all within Telegram.Games and Entertainment: Develop interactive games or multimedia experiences that benefit from a rich, immersive environment.Productivity Tools: Build tools for tasks like project management, scheduling, or document collaboration, all within the Telegram interface.You may also like | DCA Bot Development | A Comprehensive ExplorationDifferences Between Telegram Bots and Telegram Mini AppsBased on the parameters, let's figure out the differences betweenTelegram Bots and Telegram Mini AppsFunctionalityTelegram Bots are automated programs that interact with users through chat. They handle specific tasks based on user commands and queries. Bots are excellent for automating simple tasks like providing weather updates or setting reminders.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) are full-fledged web applications integrated into Telegram. They offer a richer experience than Bots, supporting diverse functionalities like gaming and productivity tools. TMAs provide a more immersive user experience with interactive features.IntegrationTelegram Bots function as separate entities within the Telegram app. Users interact with Bots through chat commands and responses. Their integration is limited to the chat environment, which can restrict interaction with other Telegram features.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) are seamlessly integrated into Telegram. Users can access Mini Apps through chats or other Bots, creating a more cohesive experience. This deep integration allows Mini Apps to interact more fully with Telegram's core features.DevelopmentTelegram Bots use the Telegram Bot API for development. Developers can create Bots using various programming languages. The Bot API provides tools for handling text-based interactions and automating responses.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) are developed using web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, along with Telegram's API. This approach allows for the creation of complex applications with custom user interfaces. Developing a Mini App is more intricate and requires web development skills.CapabilitiesTelegram Bots handle basic tasks and interactions. They can perform functions like providing weather information or managing simple data queries. Their capabilities are generally limited to text-based interactions and basic media sharing.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) support advanced functionalities. They handle rich media, including videos, images, and audio. TMAs can provide detailed user interactions and complex application features, making them suitable for diverse use cases.AuthorizationTelegram Bots offer easy authorization through Telegram. Users interact with Bots using their Telegram accounts without additional authentication steps. This seamless integration is ideal for simple, automated interactions.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) provide more flexible authorization options. They can include features like in-app purchases or subscriptions. This flexibility allows for a more customized user experience and diverse monetization strategies.User InterfaceTelegram Bots have a limited user interface. They rely on text commands, buttons, and basic media sharing. This simple interface is effective for straightforward tasks but less engaging for complex interactions.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) offer custom user interfaces with rich media support. They can include complex layouts, interactive elements, and multimedia content. This capability creates a more engaging and visually appealing user experience.Cross-Platform CompatibilityTelegram Bots work across all Telegram-supported devices but remain confined to the chat interface. Their functionality does not extend beyond the Telegram app, limiting their cross-platform capabilities.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) are web-based and accessible across various platforms, including Android, iOS, PC, Mac, and Linux. This compatibility ensures a consistent experience on any device.Monetization ScopeTelegram Bots have limited monetization options. They can integrate with external payment systems but generally offer fewer revenue opportunities compared to more advanced tools.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) offer robust monetization options. Developers can implement in-app purchases, subscriptions, and advertising. This flexibility allows for multiple revenue streams and greater financial potential.Web3 IntegrationTelegram Bots typically do not support Web3 technologies. Their functionality is limited to traditional Telegram features and API capabilities.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) support Web3 integration, including the TON SDK and TON Connect. This support allows developers to create decentralized applications and explore blockchain-based functionalities.Community InvolvementTelegram Bots has an active developer community focused on practical and efficient automated tools. The community shares resources and best practices for Bot development.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) benefit from a thriving, innovation-focused community. Developers in this space explore new possibilities and push the boundaries of what can be achieved within Telegram.ExamplesTelegram Bots include language translation Bots, news aggregation Bots, and customer service chatbots. They are designed for automating specific tasks and providing information through text-based interactions.Telegram Mini Apps (TMAs) include gaming platforms, e-commerce solutions, and productivity tools. These applications offer rich, interactive experiences and are often more complex and feature-rich than Bots.Also, Explore | Can ChatGPT Replace Crypto Trading BotsChoosing Between Telegram Bots and Telegram Mini AppsThe choice between a Telegram Bot and a Mini App largely depends on your project's goals and requirements.For Simplicity and Quick InteractionsIf you need a straightforward solution to automate tasks or provide basic interactions, a Telegram Bot is likely the best choice. They are easier to develop and deploy, making them ideal for customer support or content delivery.For Rich, Interactive ExperiencesIf your goal is to create a complex, visually engaging experience within Telegram, a Mini App will be more suitable. They offer greater flexibility and can provide a more immersive user experience, making them ideal for e-commerce, games, or advanced productivity tools.Suggested Read | TON Blockchain: A Guide to Telegram's Ambitious ProjectConclusionTelegram Bots and Mini Apps each have unique advantages and cater to different needs. Bots are ideal for straightforward automation and simple interactions, while Mini Apps provide a richer, more immersive experience. Understanding these differences helps you choose the right tool for your needs.If you're considering developing a Telegram Mini App, look no further than Oodles Blockchain. Our team of expertblockchain developers can help you create a sophisticated Mini App tailored to your specific requirements. Contact us today to get started and bring your vision to life within Telegram!

Technology: solana , Unity Engine more Category: Blockchain

Saumya Srivastava

10 Sep 2024

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